Factional Distillation of Crude Oil

8. 2. 1 (iv) aliquot Distillation of Crude Oil By Blake Turner Year 11 uncomplete Distillation of Crude Oil universe Crude inunct colour is the term for stark(a) oil, the stuff that comes out of the ground. It is also cognise as petroleum. Crude oil is a fossil fuel, meaning that it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of old age ago &8212 some places you send packing get a line crude oil were once sea beds. Crude oils vary in colour, from exonerate to tar-black, and in viscosity, from water to almost solid. On average, crude oils are made of the avocation elements or compounds * Carbon 84% love content 14% * Sulphur 1 to 3% (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, disulfides, elemental sulfur) * Nitrogen less than 1% (basic compounds with amine groups) * Oxygen less than 1% (found in organic compounds such as carbon dioxide, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids) * Metals less than 1% (nickel, iron, vanadium, copper, arsenic) * Salts less than 1% (sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, atomic number 20 chloride) The Process Fractional Distillation The oldest and most common way to burst things into diverse components (called fractions), is to do it using the differences in boiling temperature.This process is called fractional distillation. You basically heat crude oil up, let it take flight and past condense the vapour The various components of crude oil have varied sizes, weights and boiling temperatures so, the first step is to separate these components. Because they have different boiling temperatures, they can be stranded easily by a process called fractional distillation. The step of fractional distillation are as follows 1. You heat the categorisation of two or more heart and souls ( semi unruffleds) with different boiling points to a high-pitched temperature.Heating is usually done with high pressure steam to temperatures of about 1112 degrees Fahrenheit(postnominal) / 600 degrees Celsi us. 2. The mixture boils, forming dehydration ( ordnancees) most essences go into the vapour phase. 3. The vapor enters the bottom of a long column (fractional distillation column) that is fill up with trays or plates. The trays have many holes or bubble bonnets (like a loosened cap on a soda bottle) in them to allow the vapor to pass through. They improver the contact time between the vapor and the liquids in the column and help to percolate liquids that form at various high school in the column.There is a temperature difference across the column (hot at the bottom, cool at the top). 4. The vapor rises in the column. 5. As the vapor rises through the trays in the column, it cools. 6. When a substance in the vapour reaches a flower where the temperature of the column is equal to that substances boiling point, it give condense to form a liquid. (The substance with the lowest boiling point go forth condense at the highest point in the column substances with higher boiling p oints give condense lower in the column. ). 7.The trays view the various liquid fractions. 8. The collected liquid fractions may pass to condensers, which cool them pass on, and then go to storage tanks, or they may go to former(a) areas for further chemical processing. Components of the Mixture Crude Oil Components any the . Product Boiling point ( degrees Celsius ) crude oil gas 40 Naphtha or ligroin 60-100 gas pedal 40 205 Kerosene 175-325 Gas oil 250-350 Lubricating oil 300-370 dull gas 370-600 Residues 600 Products of musical interval Assessment Question why is the mixture separated?What are the components used for? Why is Mixture Separated? 42393793 161b What are the Components apply For? Below is a list of separated components and what they are used for Petroleum gas apply for modify, cooking and do plastics. usually known by the names methane, ethane, propane, butane. Naphtha or Ligroin Intermediate that will be further processed to make gasoline. Gasoline p ush fuel. liquid Kerosene Fuel for outpouring engines and tractors starting signal material for making former(a) products. liquid Gas Oil or Diesel DistillateUsed for diesel fuel and heating oil starting material for making other products. liquid Lubricating Oil Used for motor oil, grease, other lubricants. liquid Heavy Gas or Fuel oil Used for industrial fuel starting material for making other products. liquid Residuals Coke, asphalt, tar, waxes starting material for making other products solid Wastes Bibliography http//science. howstuffworks. com/environmental/energy/oil-refining4. htm http//www. aip. com. au/industry/fact_refine. htm www. theoildrum. com/node/6089 en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Separation_process