Role of Saudi Arabia in Gulf Politics

Role of Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabia in disconnectedness Politics query Synopsis M.philSAUDI ARABIA AS BALANCER IN GULF politicsShaista Shaukat aliABSTRACTSaudi Arabia has compete a key intent in Gulf politics, credentials and economy, for the past four decades, as well as in Islamic homo during divers(prenominal) conflicts, issues and challenges like Palestine issue, capital of Kuwait Iraq war, Yemen, Syria and Egypt crisis. The probe depart provide how certain factor outs in Islamic globe like anoint, religion regional conflicts, shaped their relations with Saudi Arabia. Although individually factor has played a signifi bathroomt type in find the foreign policy behavior in Muslim states, each factor has assumed different degrees of importance, and impacts on relation among Saudi Arabia and Muslim world on different time period, and how Saudi Arabia interested in maintaining a degree of co-operation policies, diplomacy, intellection point, strat egic alliances and efforts to resolve the issues and crisis among Muslim states. Saudi Arabia has wielded gigantic influence with its neighbors through its vast oil reserves, financial and political support, and the ideologic influence, domestically, and that how Saudi Arabia has force-out to affect regional political larnments.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ponderPolitical Science and International Relations emerged as a turn up of the need to establish substantial connections amongst current politics and brotherly sciences throughout the century. The change in the international political environment particularly in Muslim world has great impacts on relation among Muslim and non Muslim states, in this perspective, the study volition help to understand the economic consumption of Saudi Arabia in disconnection politics and in conflics of Muslim states. assumptionH1 Saudi Arabia as a conflict four-in-hand in midst einsteiniumern pledge environmentH2.Saudi Arabia is influencing th e disconnect politics through security alliancesH3 Saudi hegemony increasing in Muslim world due to its official fight in crisisOBJECTIVESThe study will identify and explore different factors and variables which have impacted on shaping policies and decision by Saudi Arabia in managing conflicts in Muslim world. The study will attempts to establish and develop a comprehensive understanding of Saudi relations with Muslim states and will examine how these relations have been affected by various issues. The study will highlight the different factors, impacting on strategically relations between Saudi and Muslim world and shaping their foreign and national policies.methodological analysisData related to the topic will be collected from adjudges, newspapers, articles, journals, investigate papers and government records.The research work will be descriptive, qualitative techniques will be applied in the study.REVIEW OF LITERATURE some take fors have been written on Saudi Arabia and i ts role in gulf state and in Muslim World. However major books, articles which are near relevant to the proposal research work discussed belowPalgrave Connect in Regional places in the halfway easternmost New Constellations After the Arab Revolts explained how Saudi Arabia capable to perform his role in regional affairs. The writer in like manner provides some information slightly Sadi role in Arab League and in any case makes a comparison between Turkiy and Saudi Arabia as regional power in Muslim World. This will be laboursaving in research as to know about the policies of regional powers in Middle East.Barry Rubin in contravention and Insurgency in the Contemporary Middle East provided a comparative analysis of militant wings and their supports in Middle East. It communicate about the nature of conflicts in Gulf States and role of regional actors which can play a decisive role in resolving conflicts, so this book will be adjuvant to analyse the role of Saudi Arabia as a balancer in region.Ron Eduard Hassner in War on Sacred Grounds comprehensively described the mysteries and space of conflicts on sanctified places. The narrator explained the makkah and Jerusalem conflict and role of religious and political governance of Middle East and also define the role of conflict manager Saudi Arabia. This book is quite relevant to the research topic.Sarah Stern in Saudi Arabia and the Global Islamic Terrorist Network America and the Wests Fatal hide an important book which provide information how Saudi Arabia play role in OIC as a larger funder and financial of this organization .Thicker than oil by Rachel Bronson,is very helpful book and discussed the saudi relationship ,geographic military position and religiously motivated foreign policies , efforts to resolve the conflic from Africa to Afghanistan, Egypt to Nicaragua,The Saudi Enigma A HistoryBy Pascal Mnoret, is comprehensive book on Saudi involvement in Egypt, Syria, Tunisia , Algeria and gulf war .Riad A. Attar in Arms and Conflict in the Middle East .In this book writer discussed the importance of Saudi arabia in gulf politics and its influence on different conflics in gulf states, more important thing about this book is that writer narated figures about conflics.William M. Habeeb in The Middle East in Turmoil Conflict, Revolution, and Change discussed the ideologies of gulf states and their close tiec with Muslim and non Muslim states, and how these ties and ideologies influence the strategic partnership of Saudi Arabia with states. it will be helpful examine Saudi consensus to different threats to philia east.Simon Murden in Islam, the Middle East, and the New Global Hegemony examined the Saudi influence on Muslim states as well as relation with major extremely powers in international political sanerio. The writer described the security and sparing ties of Saudi Arabia with nuclear power that impacts the whole Muslim world at once and indirectly, in this way this book will help during research.Nawaf E. Obaid in The Power of Saudi Arabias Islamic Leaders discussed the role of Saudi Ulema in national and foreign policies as well as oil censor and about the Saudi hosting of foreign troops. This journal will also be helpful in this research.Tim Niblock in Saudi Arabia Power, genuineness and Survival discussed political agenda, reforms, policies, structure and change that not effect the gulf politics and policies hardly influence the whole Muslim world. it will be help practiced to make research about Saudis role as conflict manager.Stig Stenslie in Regime Stability in Saudi Arabia The dispute of Succession threw light on the main decision makers related to security economic and political relations and alliances of royal family to other Muslim politicians. This book is quite relevant to the research topic and will be helpful in this regard.Hatem Shareef Abu-Lebdeh in Conflict and Peace in the Middle East discussed the role of Saudi Arabia in div ision of gulf politics, collation with Gulf States, resolutions, economics embargo which reflected the means and approaches to resolve the gulf crises. This book will also helpful in research in point of view to understand the role of Saudi Arabia in gulf politics.Suhara Ashfaq in What is Saudi Arabias Desired Role in Muslim World? discussed the important and dominating role of Saudi Arabia elaborating close ties between USA KSA mob Wynbrandt in A Brief History of Saudi Arabia by told us Saudi Arabia is an Islamic state has played a prominent role throughout the history and how influenced the regional politics. The interesting fact about this book is that the writer narrated everything through pictures, map, charts and illustration so it will quite helpful in this research.Majid Khadduri, Edmund Ghareeb in War in the Gulf, 1990-91 The Iraq-Kuwait Conflict and Its Implications explained how Saudi Arabia played the positive and effective role in Arab Gulf crisis, and efforts for not come across an agreement by direct negotiation, and how they promote co operation among Muslim countries during the crisis.BIBLOGRAPHYAbu-Lebdeh,H(1997 ).Conflict and Peace in the Middle East University press of AmericaAttar,A, R.(ED).(2009 ).Arms and Conflict in the Middle East Emerald Group Publishing Limited Howard House,UKBronson,R. (2006).Thicker than oil Americas Uneasy Partnership with Saudi Arabia. Oxford University crowdConnect,P.(2014).Regional Powers in the Middle East St.Martin Press New YorkGuo,R.(2012).Territorial Disputes and Conflict Management The Art of Avoiding WarRoutledge 711 thirdly Avenue, New YorkHabeeb ,W.(2012).The Middle East in Turmoil Conflict, Revolution, and ChangeABC-CLIO,LLC. Oxford EnglandHassner,R.(2009).War on Sacred GroundsCornell University Press.Ithaca, New YorkIsmael, T . Ismael,S. (2012).Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East Continuity and Change Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New YorkKorany,B. (ED).(2014) .Arab Human inc rement in the Twenty-First Century The American University in Cairo Press ,New YorkKhadduri, M., Ghareeb,E.(1997) .War in the Gulf, 1990-91 The Iraq-Kuwait Conflict and Its Implications. Oxford university pressMnoret ,P. (2005).The Saudi Enigma A History .Zed books London New YorkMurden,M. (2002). Islam, the Middle East, and the New Global Hegemony.Lynne Rienner Publishers,USANibloc,T. (2006).Saudi Arabia Power, Legitimacy and Survival.Routledge 270 Madison Ave,New YorkRubin,B. (ED).(2009).Conflict and Insurgency in the Contemporary Middle EastBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.Stenslie,S.(2012 ). Regime Stability in Saudi ArabiaRoutledge 711 Third Avenue, New YorkStern,S.(ED).(2011). Saudi Arabia and the Global Islamic Terrorist NetworkPALGRAVE MACMILLAN in the United StatesWynbrandt, J.(2010). A Brief History of Saudi ArabiaInfobase Publishing, New YorkRasmussen, L,. Oakley,R. (1992).Conflict colonisation in the Middle EastUS Institute of Peace Press,Washington.D.Ch ttp//www.chomsky.info/articles/19910202.htmhttp//www.chomsky.info/articles/19910202.htmhttp//www.pakistananalysis.com/en/analysis/international/item/267-what-is-saudi-arabia%E2%80%99s-desired-role-in-muslim-world.htmlhttp//www.meforum.org/482/the-power-of-saudi-arabias-islamic-leadershttp//yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/conflict-grows-middle-east-us-saudi-gulf-widens

The Depletion Of Global Oil Reserves Environmental Sciences Essay

The Depletion Of Global Oil Reserves Environmental Sciences EssayThe literature study summarized the research d star on the problem that global anele militia ar depleting day by day and in that location is a solemn desire to find out and utilized alternate skill options oddly for a growing country. The depletion of global cover militia has led to conflicts among the nations and soaring of equipment casualtys. Oil is the main come of postal code and developing countries atomic number 18 facing lot of problems due to shortage of inunct in providing their cosmoss fo chthonic living timeworns.The literature also covered situation of shortage of oil reserves and zip fastener crises consequent to it. It identifies main consumers of oil in a country and alternate efficacy re reference works that could possibly be worked on to cope with the muscularity use upment finished sources new(prenominal) than oil.DEPLETION OF GLOBAL OIL militiaThe API estimated in 1999 th e worlds oil leave would be depleted between 2062 and 2094, assume sum of money world oil reserves between 1.4 and 2 billion barrels and pulmonary tuberculosis at 80 meg barrels per day. In 2004, total world reserves were estimated to be 1.25 trillion barrels and periodic consumption was about 85 gazillion barrels, shifting the estimated oil depletion stratum to 2057.The US EIA predicted that world consumption of oil will increase to 98.3 i thousand one million million barrels per day in 2015 and 118 in 2030. With 2009 world oil consumption at 84.4, reaching the discovered 2015 level of consumption would represent an intermediate annual increase between 2009 and 2015 of 2.7% per yr while EIAs own figures manoeuvre declining consumption and declining supplies during the 2005-2010 period.The worlds oil supply is fixed because petroleum is ingrainedly organise remote too slowly to be replaced at the rate at which it is beingness extracted. Over m any millions of ye ars, plankton, bacteria, and other plant and animal offspring find buried in sediments on the ocean floor. When conditions atomic number 18 adept a lack of oxygen for decomposition, and sufficient depth and temperature of burial these ingrained remains atomic number 18 converted into petroleum compounds, while the sediment incident them is converted into sandst 1, siltstone, and other porous sedimentary rock. When capped by retentive rocks such as shale, salt, or igneous intrusions, they form the petroleum reservoirs which atomic number 18 employ today.3.2 susceptibility SECTOR IN PAKISTAN nothing is considered as one of the most central inputs to economic step-up and ripening. Its consumption is also one of the signifi kittyt indicators of the level of organic evolution of any country. It is now surface recognized that muscle services play a crucial role in enhancing social and economic developing. Energy has become an engine of economic growth at local and global level. It is needed worldwide for fostering and decl atomic number 18ing ontogeny process perspective of developing or substantial states of the economy. Keeping in view the global economic growth coupled with an increase in population, the ask for efficacy is bound to increase and meeting this demand poses adept challenges at the global level. In coming decades, the demand for postcode is expect to grow more rapidly in developing countries.Since independence, the pennyral stab of Pakistans cleverness insurance policy has been on augmenting the countrys cypher system. As a go out of signifi commodet planning and public investment, on that point has been substantial expansion of power area. Despite the significant ripening in the energy field, Pakistan heretofore suffers from energy shortage. This situation has been increasely viewed as a bottleneck to industrial and coarse sectors that in turn are seen critical in stimulating the economic and social develop ment. Being a developing country, Pakistan has faced the challenge of fueling industry and cultivation sectors adequately for meeting growth targets and providing energy at low-cost prices to poor especially those living in the rural areas. The accessibility of energy at affordable prices can be a major(ip) factor that determines a whole array of other productive activities stellar(a) to economic growth.NATIONAL ENERGY MIXEnergy sector in Pakistan comprises electric energy, louse up, petroleum, blacken and nuclear business leader. The deal of natural gas in original energy supplies during 2010 reached 45 pct followed by oil (28 share), hydro electricity (15 percent), sear (10 percent) and nuclear electricity(2 percent). As can be seen Pakistan is dependent on oil and Gas, which unitedly contribute most 73% of the total main(a) energy supplied.3.4 government agency GENERATION, SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTIONThe total installed content coevals during 2006-07, was 19,440 MW. WAPDA generated 11,363 MW of which, hydle accounts for 56.9 percent or 6,463 MW, thermal accounts for 43.1 percent or 4,900 MW. IPPs generation was 5858 (MW) which accomplished 30% of total installed capacity. KESC with 1756 (MW) contributed 9.1% share and nuclear added 2.4%.Number of WAPDA consumers stood at 17 million out of which household accounted for 84%,commercial 13%and industrial and agricultural1.4%each. As on 30th June, 2007 industrial sector consumed 26%, agriculture 12%and households 43% besides commercial and others. The annual per capita electricity consumption in Pakistan is around 320kwh, and this only caters for 60 percent of the population. Forty percent of Pakistanis still acquire no access to electricity. there is streamly load shedding of up to 700 MW a day because of shortage poor transmission capabilities. Electricity demand is expected to grow by eight per cent a year during the period 2005 2015, requiring an annual installation capacit y of about 2000 MW for the next 10 years.Currently about 45% of Pakistans force-out supply is ground on natural gas, 28% on oil, 15% on hydro and remaining on coal, nuclear and renewable electricity. Keeping in view the live force liquify, it is essential to concentrate on original and cost effective sources for billet generation.3.5 CURRENT ENERGY GAP IN PAKISTANPakistan is before long facing electricity shortfall of around 4000-9000 MW. Everyone agrees that an essential precondition for industrial development is an perpetual supply of power.The installed capacity for generation of electricity in the country is 11,500 MW of which 82.7 per cent was thermal 15.3 percent was hydroelectric and 2 percent was nuclear.Pakistan needs to sustain an annual economic growth rate of at least 6 to 7 percent to alleviate poverty and realize desirable socio-economic and human development. To achieve the growth target of GDP, it is absolutely essential that the minimum electricity growth rate is maintained. The cookery of adequate and reliable supply of electricity at a reasonable cost is a pre prerequisite to let out this goal. Power is the prime mover. Any big push of the economy would need accelerated power development. But there is a comparablelihood that Pakistans current economic growth might not sustain in the absence seizure of consistent and continuous devolvement of new power projects.3.6 REVIEW OF PAKISTANS ENERGY PORTFOLIOLooking at the power portfolio of Pakistan it looks as if we are living in an oil rich country. Presently, Pakistan has lot of oil fired power plants. uninterrupted hike in furnace oil prices can make them unviable in cheeseparing prox. But even if circumstances are not extreme, even if there are no upheavals in producing countries, no terrorist attacks and supply disruptions, the prices will redeem going up. Why? Because there is a fundamental imbalance for oil in the world economy. Production is just enough to meet demand. the re is no spare capacity to take care of unforeseen shutdowns, supply disruption or a further rise in demand. such an unbalance power profile carries serious repercussions. An evenhanded power portfolio would require a fair balance among various sources of power with no immoderate reliance on any. One of the few matters which must(prenominal) be considered in establishing the power portfolio is that excessive reliance on any single source especially overseas source on which we have no confine over supply and price can make things miserable any period. Oil import bill of more than $ 7 billion or around 50% of foreign switch over reserves of a developing economy with no hopes of creating exportable surplus in the near future is undoubtedly very alarming. As 28% of the power generation is found on oil therefore any hindrance in the transportation of oil can cause s evere damage to the economy. In short, time has proved that the best solution for all such problems is encouragemen t and development of indigenous resource. Many countries, including the developed and emerging economies, have adopted extended programs for increasing hydle and coal based power into their energy portfolios.It would not be wrong if we say that continuous negligence of indigenous resource has make Pakistans power policy direction little. This negligence, absence of priorities and foc use on expensive foreign fuel has make cheap electricity and self reliance a day dream.Pakistan is fortunate enough to have two cheap indigenous resources for power generation i.e. water and coal. But it is sheer bad share that we have not been able to use both of these resources effectively. Estimated coal reserves of Pakistan are around 185,175 million tons which is one of the turgidst coal reserves of the world whereas their utilization for electricity generation is barely ten percent. basically indigenous coal-based power will bring various benefits for Pakistan first and frontmost benefit woul d be immense savings in foreign exchange on import of expensive oil. Coal based power plants are labor intensive and will create thousands of new jobs and various other new business opportunities at plant site in incident and in Pakistan in general.ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PAKISTANLike any other country, energy is vital for the economic development of Pakistan. Energy should not only be available but it must be ensured that it is available at a reasonable and affordable price and with out any interruption. For a developing country, like Pakistan where the main try on is on the poverty alleviation, energy plays a positive role. It is imperative that energy production should be environment friendly. More over a mix of energy sources will be serveful in diversification of the sector and would ensure the provision of this vital resource where it is required. The stage of economic development and the standard of living of individuals in a given region potently influe nce the link between economic growth and energy demand.An change magnitude use of energy, either through natural gas or electricity, impacts favorably on the living standards of the poor as they then spend less time looking for alternating(a) forms of fuel such as firewood. Similarly, the provision of electricity to the rural areas can help in raising productivity levels of small- descale industry thereby in instantly raising income levels and in the continuing term improving the quality of bread and butter for the rural poor.Rural electrification is important because it brings to the rural areas the benefits that urban consumers take for granted -an improvement in the standard of living with the associated socio-economic benefits. Provision of electric power also has a rigorously economic outcome that of increasing the productive capacity of the rural areas with increases in agricultural output.3.7 PAKISTAN ENERGY SECURITY PLAN AND ENERGY MIXPakistan historically has been subj ected to energy demand suppression due to limited supplies and lack of radix development for provision of energy to the industrial sector. The non availability of sustained and affordable energy to industry has suppressed economic growth and created declining tendency for industrial investment in the country. It is now more important then ever that an adequate supply be made available to industry to crusade economic growth, and create employment opportunities. Energy has also to be made available to the domestic sector and the career line segments of society to give economic support and the convenience of clean fuel for cooking and heating system and prevent the continuing environmental degradation and deforestation by large use of wood for domestic fuel. The commercial availability to various sector of the economy will help in increasing job opportunities, enhancing agriculture productivity, improving standard of living and preserving environment through reducing deforestatio n.A long term integrated National Energy Security Plan, diligence the period up to 2030 has recently been approved by the Government vide middle Term Development Framework (MTDF). The energy sector development is aimed at (i) enhancement in the exploitation of hydropower, and exploration and production activities of oil, gas and coal resources, and to increase the share of coal and alternate(a) energy in the overall energy mix, (ii) optimum utilization of the countrys resources base to reduce dependence on imported oil through an institutionalized strategy, (iii) creating an environment conducive to the exponentiation of the clandestine sector, and (iv) developing the local energy scenario in the context of regional perspective. The current energy mix includes 28 percent oil, 45 percent natural gas, 10 percent coal, 15 percent hydro and 2 percent nuclear. By 2015, the share of oil and gas is targeted to be decrease to 25 percent and 42 percent respectively with corresponding increases in the share of coal to 12 percent, hydro to 17.6 percent, renewable to 1 percent and nuclear to 3 percent. Over the long term, the increase in other sources of energy, has been targeted with substantial decline in the share of oil.EXISTING ENERGY RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN THE CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES3.8 HYDROPOWERThe set hydro power effectiveness of Pakistan is 46,000 MW, out of which only 14 per cent (6,500 MW) has been exploited so far. Despite this big potential, no hydro power project has been established by WAPDA since Tarbela Dam. The most feasible and stinting project Kala Bagh Dam has become so controversial that it could not take off though in series(p) governments wished so. There are plans to develop the hydro resources on a large scale through computer storage and run -of-the-river projects. Feasibility studies of several(prenominal) projects have already been prepared, while studies of several additional projects are in progress or planned. Hydro is one of th e major economic energy supply options in Pakistan for increasing the energy security of the country. The experts caution that for the time horizons of around 100 years, hydro storage projects are non -renewable due to the silting of these reservoirs. For example, over the last 30 years, the storage capacity of Tarbela dam has been reduced by 27 per cent due to silting. Similarly, there is a world wide concern over the dislocation of population and the environmental hazards associated with large dams. Another issue related to the hydro power is that a large number of additional sites with major potential exist in the mountainous North, but the difficulty of access and the high cost of transmission to the populous South make the idea into a sinless project a distant prospect. not only, it means additional cost to give the transmission infrastructure but at the same time a huge loss occurs during the transmission (it is estimated to be between 28 to 30 percent). Another problem is t he seasonal variation, where in winter the generation is reduced due to shortage of water in the storages. However, hydro is still the most economical energy resource in Pakistan.3.9 OIL AND GASThere are considerable oil and gas reserves in Pakistan. The crude oil reserves are estimated at 27 billion barrels including three hundred million barrels proven reserves. The level of production is presently 22.6 million barrels compared with the level of consumption of 100 million barrels. The natural gas reserves are 8 trillion cubiform meters including the proven reserves of 0.8 trillion cubic meters. The level of production is presently 93 million cubic meters per day compared with the level of consumption of 82 million cubic meters per day. The oil sector has all along been heavily dependant on imports of about 85 percent of the national requirement. Annually about 7.8 million tonnes of crude oil, 5.2 million tonnes of oil products and 2.8 million tonnes of coal are being imported. T he local production of oil and gas would start declining due to depletion of resources. There would also be a deficit of gas unless considerable parcel is made from new discoveries. In case the gap is not met through indigenous supply, there will be need to import gas, and the requisite infrastructure would have to be placed in a seasonable manner.3.10 COALPakistans coal resources are estimated at 185 billion tonnes (82,700 MTOE, or 2 per cent of the world coal resources), out of which 95 per cent are in the Thar coal field in Sindh. This coal is of lignite station having high moisture content and low heating value. So far only 3.3 billion tonnes of coal resources are in the measured category, and considering a recovery factor of 60 per cent, these correspond to some 2.0 billion tonnes of redeemable coal reserves. However, this coal is equivalent to the combined oil reserves of Saudi-Arabian Arabia and Iran. As pop of the strategy of increasing local energy content, a major emph asis is being placed on exploiting coal resources for large-scale use in power generation, and possibly for the production of coal render methane.3.11 NUCLEAR ENERGYPakistan has two nuclear power plants, Chashma-1 and Kanupp, with 300 MW and one hundred twenty-five MW respectively, of installed capacity. The PAEC operates both nuclear plants. Pakistan is currently working on a third base nuclear power plant (Chashma-2), with the help of China National thermonuclear Corporation. The plant will have 325 MW of installed capacity expected to be completed by 2012.INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATE ENERGYEnergy is one of the most important issues for all governments world over. Developed states need energy to sustain their advanced way of life and to cater to the every-changing needs of life dictated by technology. Developing countries need energy for it is the sine qua non for development. substitute(a) energy has been the most recent addition to the academic and practical as pects of the energy world. The concept is relevant but its importance is absolute. Developed states have begun to arrange their energy sector in an increasingly substitute(a) energy based perspective and, this has a great lessons for a country like Pakistan which is aim to develop into a healthy economy with an improved quality of life for its citizens. The theory and use of alternative energy is at the most forward stage in Pakistan. However, in terms of resources and use of alternate energy, Pakistan stands well placed to employ this novel concept in the national policy framework secondary or renewable energy, sources show significant augur in helping to reduce the amount of toxins that are by-products of energy use. Not only do they protect against harmful by-products, but using alternative energy helps to preserve many of the natural resources that we currently use as sources of energy.The Alternate Energy Development Board (AEDB) has been established to facilitate developm ent of renewable energy projects. At least 5 per cent of the total electricity generating capacity of the country is targeted to be based on these sources by the year 2030.To understand how alternative energy use can help preserve the delicate ecological balance of the planet, and help us observe the non-renewable energy sources like fossil fuels, it is important to know what types of alternative energy can be brought into reality in Pakistan. Renewable sources of energy like distort power, solar, geothermic energy, wave and tidal power, biomass energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, as well as hydropower are alternatives to fossil fuel and regarded as alternative sources of energy.3.12 WIND POWER pry power is one of the earliest forms of energy used by humankind. Windmills were used on farms in the early part of the twentieth century to pump water and generate electricity. Now considered an alternative energy source, wind power is being harnessed by groundbreaking windmills with ligh ter, stronger blades. In US states such as California, New Hampshire, Oregon, and Montana, up to several hundred windmills may operate together in open areas with unassailable winds. Single giant windmills capable of providing electricity to several thousand homes are also operating in the United States. With new technologies being developed to improve windmill performance and efficiency, wind power is a promising, clean, cheap, and copious source of energy for the future.The wind power captured by turbines at is a source of energy that does not harm the environment. Wind energy harnesses the power of the wind to propel the blades of wind turbines. The rotation of turbine blades is converted into electrical current by means of an electrical generator. In the older windmills, wind energy was used to turn mechanical machinery to do physical work, like devastating grain or pumping water. Wind towers are usually built together on wind farms. Now, electrical currents are harnessed by large scale wind farms that are used by national electrical grids as well as small individual turbines used for providing electricity to isolated locations or individual homes.Wind power produces no defilement that can contaminate the environment. Since no chemical processes take place, like in the burning of fossil fuels, in wind power generation, there are no harmful by-products left over. Since wind generation is a renewable source of energy, Pakistan will never run out of it. Farming and shaving can still take place on land busy by wind turbines which can help in the production of bio-fuels. Wind farms can be built off-shore.Since 2001, global wind capacity has closely doubled to 47,760 megawatts and is cheaper than natural gas even without subsidies on good sites, wind is even closing in on coal. Pakistan has potentials of wind energy ranging from 10000MW, yet power generation through wind is in intiaial stages in Pakistnan and currently 06 MW has been installed in first phas e in Jhampir through a Turkish company and 50 MW will be installed shortly. More wind power plants will be built in Jhampir, Gharo, Keti Bandar and Bin Qasim Karachi.3.13 SOLAR POWEREnergy from the Sun is a free, abundant, and nonpolluting source of energy. Solar power involves using solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity, using sunlight hitting solar thermal panels to convert sunlight to heat water or air. Pakistan has potential of more than 100,000 MW from solar energy. Buildinn of solar power plants is underway in Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan. However, private vendors are importing panels/solar water heaters for consumption in the market. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) is working for 20,000 solar water heaters in Gilgit Baltistan. Mobile companies have been asked by theh government to shift supply of energy to their transmission towers from petroleum to solar energy panels.3.14 GEOTHERMAL ENERGYgeothermal energy harnesses the heat energy present u nderneath the world. Hot rocks under the ground heat water to produce travel clean. When holes are drilled in the region, the steam that shoots up is purified and is used to drive turbines, which power electric generators. If do correctly, geothermal energy produces no harmful by-products. Once a geothermal plant is build, it is generally self-sufficient energy wise. geothermic power plants are generally small and have little effect on the natural landscape.Geothermal energy is the natural heat generated in the interior of Earth and released from volcanoes and vehement springs or from geysers that shoot out heated water and steam. Reservoirs of hot water and steam under Earths surface can be accessed by drilling through the rock layer. The naturally heated water can be used to heat buildings, while the steam can be used to generate electricity. Steam can also be produced by pumping cold water into rock that is heated by geothermal energy such steam is then used to produce elec tric power.Geothermal energy is an important alternative energy source in areas of geothermal activity, including parts of the United States, Iceland, and Italy. Homes in Boise, Idaho, are heated using geothermal energy, as are most buildings in Iceland. The Geysers in California is the largest steam field in the world and has been used to produce electricity since 1960. strange solar energy and wind power, however, the use of geothermal energy has an environmental impact. Chemicals in the steam contribute to air pollution, and water mixed with the steam contains dissolved salts that can corrode pipes and harm aquatic ecosystems.3.15 TIDAL AND naval ENERGYThe rise and fall of ocean tides contain enormous amounts of energy that can be captured to produce electricity. Tidal power cab be extracted from Moon-gravity-powered tides by locating a water turbine in a tidal current. The turbine can turn an electrical generator, or a gas compressor, that can then store energy until needed. C oastal tides are a source of clean, free, renewable, and sustainable energy. Plans are underway in Pakistan to harness tidal energy, however, no implementation has been made so far.3.16 AGRICULTURE BIOMASS/BIODIESELBiomass production involves using dribble or other renewable resources such as sugarcane, corn or other vegetation to generate electricity. When garbage decomposes, methane is produced and captured in pipes and later burned-out to produce electricity. Vegetation and wood can be burned directly to generate energy, like fossil fuels, or processed to form alcohols. brazil nut has one of the largest renewable energy programs from biomass/biodiesel in the world, followed by USA. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistann has planned to generate 10 MW of electricity from municipal waste in Karachi followed by similar projects in twenty cities of country.

Responsibility for Health in New Zealand

obligation for Health in New ZealandThe presidential term has an important role in promoting wellness c be, thus, the mint atomic number 18 so lucky for being a citizen of New Zealand. Health is number one priority so the friendship has a continuing research to be able to provide the shell health c ar to wholly the New Zealanders.Responsibility for healthThe certificate of indebtedness for uncorrupted health is a move over and take process. It is a cooperative procedure between the New Zealanders and the party they belong. The slew should broaden their minds nearly health cover so as to negate any sweet of nausea which will endanger their lives. Many of the citizens in New Zealand demand for medical assistance in order to make them well. That is one of the reasons wherefore the governing provides education for safe sex, urban supply, drug addiction, among early(a)s. The country has a public health institution that will advise those sick people not to be in contact with bouncing soulfulness to avoid contamination and spread of diseases.Every individual has its deliver fashion of taking c be of their own health. One factor for this is their lifestyle. The New Zealanders adjudge diverse lifestyle and so different illness or diseases contri alonee to the task of health care in the country. It is true that everyone takes care of his health but the association has his on share to give medication to the people. Many are not well conscious of the consequences of their daily routine or lifestyle, ilk the effect of smoking both to the smoker and the people around him, of not eating a well-remainderd meal even the effect on the body of those who always work on a graveyard shift. The society got a responsibility over the health of every individual. And so straight-laced dissemination of saloon of illness and promote total health should be done by the society particularly the government to friend individual take care of themselves. There are many factors affecting the health of an individual like pollution, drug addiction, sanitation, regimen, water, health awareness and the spread of inherited diseases. The government submit a thorough research on the prevention of diseases because the society believes that it would be easier for the individual to know what they should do to prevent diseases in order to lessen the pains and suffering on the part of the patient. each(prenominal) the people in New Zealand will be benefited, not save the sick ones.The urban planning is a nice strategy of the government to promote health care to the citizenry. Here, the people are given the options to have healthy choices for transportation and to avoid means of transportation that would be ruinous to his or her health. In urban planning, people likewise sh only have a good recreation centers where they could absorb in sport activities or do any of their preferred recreational activities. In addition, a good planning shall likewise provide the population of the work or job they would engage in that would not endanger their health. As what was said earlier, that it is a collaborative process, the people should be responsible of their own single health and concede for their own health care. The responsibility of the society is to maintain and promote good health to every citizen and to provide financial support for the health livelihood in the country. Everyone knows that personal responsibility contributes much for a better health care. The people especially in the rural areas should be well informed on personal hygiene and the importance of cleanliness of the environment. Sanitation and cleanliness are spacious factors for a sound mind and body. The physical environment is also a contributory for good health. The government agencies prohibits any acts of pollution affecting the health of people. Pollution affects the lungs especially for the most vulnerable ones, the young kids and the old ones. nutrition is one of the postulate of the body that everyone should know the right kind of food in order to have a healthy body. The government with the help of all health care providers shall see to it that healthy foods should be make available all the time so as to prevent the racy rate of diseases related to diet and food intake in the country. To action this, people should be informed of the good effects of eating healthy foods and to discourage people to eat unhealthy foods.In view of this, all efforts of the government to promote health and improve health care, the people must(prenominal) be responsive and to take responsibility to take care of their own health.Health care is a global priority because all citizens in the society are after their health. Health institutions in New Zealand shall give special attention to health care for the benefit of all its people. genteelness and trainingPolicy on education and training play a very vital role in the prevention and cure of illness and diseases. The insurance on these must be prioritized to ensure givement of a health society. The society and the family have their own respective roles to achieve the balance for health care insofar as education and training are concerned.The society includes among others, the government. The government should take a lead in educating and disseminating teaching pertaining to health care. It must set laws and rules which the population shall obey and abide.As the government enforces its laws, it must have programs that are acceptable and applicable to any grapheme of sectors of the society. This would help the people to adapt easily and apply in their respective families and ultimately becomes routinary.All of this endeavour of the government must be support by the private sectors. Extensive education, training and re-training by the government are futile without the cooperation of people. Everyone must be receptive with the laws and rules set by the government. It is the people that would transcribe the law into policy. Families, which are the basic unit of the society, have the greatest responsibility in the achievement of the goal. Each member has a responsibility to teach the whole family one way or another. Other members of the society that could be influential to these would be the schools, health care providers and the church.Upon the enforcement of the laws and cooperation of everybody, there shall be changed in the behaviour of the individual and eventually of the society and country to achieve much(prenominal) balance.Business regulations combining work and care giving As part of the implementation of the program of the government to achieve balance of responsibility for health care of the society and family, all work places must have regulations that combines work and care giving. Offices must have facilities that would allow employees to perform their duties as parents especially for their needy children. A common example of this is breastfeeding areas for nursing mothers. The self-confidence shall have a private place to allow nursing mothers to speak milk for their newly born babies. Practices like this would encourage mothers to breastfeed their babies and providing them breastmilk, which are far more beneficial for the newborn babies than any other commercially prepared milk, thus, promoting good health.Strict implementation of such policies likewise needs the cooperation and involvement of everybody to help achieve the balance of responsibility for health care between society and family.Tax benefits and payments to caregiversIn order to encourage all caregivers to provide a quality healthcare and to entice people to pursue a career as caregivers, there should be a good and steady tax benefits and payments for caregivers as one of their incentives.The government shall take a lead role for the implemention of this. The private sector shall only apply such rule if there is a strong political will.Once thes e policy intervention solutions mentioned above are established, we could be assured of the achievement of an passable responsibility for health care between the society and family.Conclusion winning care of oneself, help of the government and the care of the caregivers is a collaborative way of having a healthy individual in the society. If everyone help each other and not blaming is a very wise thing to do. We cannot control or change the so many factor of contributing to bad health but if we do our part in making our community a healthy one then we should accept and take responsibility that we are liable to our own health and everyones health.

Relationship between the society and technology

Relationship between the fellowship and engineeringengineering is very important aspect of human condition as it provides cloths, shelters, foods, transportations etcetera Technological de terminalinism is the possible action that engine room is an autonomous force that changes society and it is besides the key force to our society. This provides explanations for many changes that skunk be observed in society, and it has a very simple pretend/effect form. However, this possibleness is false, if you mobilize you beat an instance, it smasheds you argon looking at just unity part of a much to a greater extent complex daub, and ignoring the complex aff equal to(p) ne devilrk that supports the engineering science.However, technology is a major and really the main ca habituate of social change as a lot of changes in the society is largely caused by technology but within human realize. The calculating machine and email technology has reduced the period it takes to transm it messages between two parties or more as emails sent electronically can be received immediately, thereby saving lots of man hours, and consequently rase reducing human and vehicular traffic as people dont occupy to sometimes travel to send and receive documents.The cybernation of the banking is not unavoidably to reduce wage bills and increase profit as unfermented technologies and this computerization brings new employment opportunities for a lot of IT professionals who provide manage this technology. The new innovation in banking is to guarantee efficiency and productivity the same applies in the containerization of cargo.Like earlier specified these technologies were not only technologically determined, it did have its economic, social, cultural and political reasons. These technologies did give room for employment as more people gets employed to manage these technologies, the more income and more revenue for disposal and ultimately growth in economy, thereby causing poli tical stability which has it cultural advantages as a peaceful society is a executable society.A society is an organized group of person associated together for purposes such as social, political and religious, while technology on the other give way is an application or even sometime seen as object. This report will help us to determine which of the above mention attempt that is outmatch in relating both technology and society, their strength and weakness, merits and demerits and possible whether they have been able to really answer to the obvious question of whether the society is inflecting technology or its technology that is influencing the society.2. TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINISMTechnological determinism is one of the three attempts that this report intends to use in determining the family relationship between technology and the society. Before I analyze this attitude or theory, it is important to understand what I mean by technology and society.Technology determinism does ex plain the relationship between technology and the society, but it does not adequately explain the relationship technology and society. A lot of social changes atomic number 18 in addition in reliant as technology does not have any influence. Technology cannot be said to be autonomous as not all social changes and activities are dependent on technology examples are the computer and email technology where informations, messages and documents are sent electronically, not needing people to take mail from one spot to another, but this technology is still largely not dependent as the computer cannot send mails on its own, which means its not out of mans control as people still get employment to receive, read and maybe reply mails, so does not cause any redundancy or unemployment.2.1 Technological Determinism explains relationship between technology and society which asserts that. Technological Determinism is to a fault a normal view about the relationship between technology and socie ty. It is the same Technology Determinism that says new technologies break-dance the change in society. And the theory presumes that a societys technology drives the development of its social structure and cultural values. whence the term technological determinism is an idea, a belief, a theory that human, individual and social change are caused primarily by technology, that technology is the main constituent of social change. However, there is still the debate whether technological determinism is a theory or an attitude. This refers to the belief that technology is the agent of social change. It is both popular attitude, reflected in such expressions as you cant stop progresses and a supposed position. Looking at the relationship between technological determinism as a theory and as an attitude, determinism is a popular attitude to technology, but it cannot be used as a theory or basis for explaining the relationship between society and technology.2.2 I believe that quotes B and D are examples of Technology determinism.2.3 The reasons why I believe quotes B and D are examples of a Technology Determinism approach to technology and society.3. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISMSocial Constructionism is an artifact in a social invention or construction by an individual in a particular society. Also theory that in addition to express the socially designed ways of our social bread and butter which can also be in connect with knowledge achieved and develop within society context, as opposed to realism. (Nilsen)Social Constructionism is a term used theories that express the socially originated way of our social life. (Marshall, 1994). Main distinction of Social construction theory is viewing knowledge as socially distributed. Through origin relationship between knowledge and its social build knowledge becomes a social product and a factor in social change. Social distribution of knowledge has implications for social construction of identity, depending on which identity is appropriate or desired at a special(prenominal) point in time. As a result, whatever the experts do, the pluralistic situation changes not only the social position of the traditional definitions of reality, but also the way in which these are held in the consciousness of individuals ( Berger Luckmann, p. 115).3.1 The main features of this theory are3.2 The quotes which I think best illustrate SCism are W and Y.3.3 The reasons why I think W and Y are indite from a SCist perspective are4. SOCIAL SHAPINGSocial do is theory that addressed the outcomes or impacts of technological change, the design patterns and implementation of technology. In recent years, social shaping has increased and also gained its recognition. It thus goes beyond traditional approaches, concerned merely to assess the social impacts of technology, to examine what shapes the technology which is having these impacts, and the way in which these impacts are achieved (MacKenzie and Wajcman 1985). Technological cha nge is often seen as something that takes its own way.4.1 This theory about the relationship between tech. and society can be explained as follows4.2 identify quotes4.3 state why you have elect these quotes.5. CONCLUSION6. BIBLIOGRAPHYAlphabetical list of all books, websites, articles etc used in preparing report.data formattingAuthor/editors last name then initial, (date of publication), title in italics, billet of publication place of publication.Forester, T. (1987) High-Tech Society, Oxford Basil Blackwell.

Essay --

Afri whoremonger-Americans, who only comprised 13% of regular drug users, made up for 35% of drug arrests, 55% of convictions, and 74% of people sent to prison house for drug possession crimes. Also, three-fourths of all people incarcerated for drug offenses atomic number 18 either Black or Latino, the majority of illegal drug users ar white. There is obviously something gone ridiculously wrongfulness. Many African Americans that lived in the South were unable to vote, and change surface if they tried to, they had to pass literacy tests or even pay poll taxes. Also, places of employment were segregated as well black-and-blue southerners refused to work under black supervisors and most white craftsmen strenuously remote the hiring of African Americans in the skill trades (Remembering 206). Kennedy states in his book that people of coloring material were always the last to get hired and the first to get blast (Kennedy 113), so because of this it was extremely hard for A frican Americans to find employment or even keep a steady job due to contrariety they faced. This form of discrimination made it hard for African Americans to induct a living for themselves during this time and is similar to how venomouss ar treated in straightaways society. The practice of the Jim jubilate Laws back during the 1870s to the mid 1960s is similar to how criminals be discriminated against now. Throughout America, prison inmates in 48 states, paroles in 33 states, and probationers in 29 states are not allowed to vote (Karjick). This is close to 4.7 million Americans that are denied this right (Karjick). One may argue that the sad choices that these 4.7 million Americans have made make them untrustworthy to help make decisions for the country but labeling these people as criminals should not define ... ...ent opportunities, these children are forced to be raised in severe destitution. A speculation that has been done by a researcher, who has been f unded by the National Institutes of health, claims that the stresses of poverty can lead to impaired learning abilities in children (Stresses). The stress that is triggered by poverty is dangerous and can really affect our childrens future. The New Jim Crow system that has been redesigned in America leaves a lot of people with criminal backgrounds jobless and stuck in a second-class status. Discriminating against the criminals is morally wrong and it not only affects them but others such as their loved ones as well. All men are created equal is a famous give voice from The Declaration of Independence that America would like to believe, but it is clear that todays society is unequal just based on how criminals are treated.

Essay --

Melyssa ArnerScott RobinsonWestern Civilization II18 February 20141. see and evaluate the life of Martin Luther and his influence on the Reformation.Before bringing intimately the Reformation, Martin Luther started out his life in Saxony.He was raisedby a rigid father who wished for his son to become a lawyer. Instead of achieving this, Martin Luther,due to a promise to St. Anne, became a man of the cloth. Those above Luthers station later on enrolled himinto the faculty of the university in Wittenburg.It would be at Wittenburg that Luther would change the way of the church, later to be called theReformation. Luther believed that faith was a way of salvation, which became known as the acknowledgmentby faith. Martin Luther also began to question the clergy of the church, who made the public yield forindulgences in value for their souls to be freed. Due to his beliefs being ignored, Luther created hisNinety-five Theses. through these theses, Luthers beliefs spread throughout t he lands of Germany.His ideals about the church passed onto the German raft and his acts would later influence thehappenings of the Reformation.2. List and discuss the various religious wars in Europe in the 1500s and 1600sconcluding with the Thirty Years War.King Philip II of Spain was a strong supporter of universality. He controlled non only Spain, scarcealso the Netherlands, Southern Italy, and Burgundy. His wife, Mary, was the queen of England. The twoof them worked to bring England back to Catholicism exactly many people were against this. When Marypassed, Elizabeth took the throne and Protestantism was more accepted.Angry with this, Philip send anarmada of ships to attack in 1588. The English ships were sent to defend and Spain was forced... ....The primordial Americans were not the only ones to be effected by colonization in the refreshing World.The inhabitants of Africa had their world changed when Europe decided to venture to the New World.While the Native Americans were pushed from their land, the Africans were taken away from theirs. TheEuropeans needed another set of hands to effect labor and the Africans played this part. Even thoughAfricans could be linguists and guides for the white people, they were broadly used for housework and asfarm hands. Africans were forced into slavery and have by the Europeans. Similar to the NativeAmericans, the Africans were forced to convert to Christianity. Their religious views were not allowed inthe New World. The Africans were not only forced to convert to Christianity but also their way of life.Africans had to dress and speak like the Europeans in order to survive.

Changing the Stereotypical View of Native Americans in the Movie, Dance

ever-changing the Stereotypical View of Native Americans in the Movie, Dances With WolvesThe movie Dances With Wolves begins with John Dunbar in the medic tent awaiting his leg to be cut off because of an brand and the fear of it getting gangrene. He manages to conserve it when the doctors say they are excessively tired to work on another patient. Dunbar then decides that he wants to keep his leg when he sees one of the other soldiers hobbling around. After passing the tent, he implant that there had been no push by either military position in the battle they were in, so he decided to ride a horse right in front of enemy lines in an test to get it started and to die. He rode twice, and neither time got shot. When he arrived pole at his home line, he was a hero and was granted the horse he rode and was permitted to go to any post he desired. Dunbar had always precious to go west to see the frontier so he request the farthest west post. In preparing to go on the trip, he foun d that a soldier going out(a) there is to be an Indian fighter. There was a plow driver who was willing to take him out to the post, but he annoyed Dunbar. On the way out, they saw humane skulls and demolished wagon, which put a little fear in Dunbar. On arriving, Dunbar found no one there. The wagon driver tried to convert him to go back with him but Dunbar refused saying that that was his post. They then unloaded the wagon and stocked the building with the supplies. Then, as the driver was going back home, he as attacked by some Indians and killed. Dunbar stayed at the post and did some repairs and explored the environ area. There was a wolf that came around now and then to mark which eventually became Dunbars companion. During this time a few Indians visited him. A... ...he entire animal leaving no waste. Another is by showing how the clean-living men treat each other and the Native Americans. How the whites would be cruel to the Native Americans simply because that was who they were. The Sioux however, were not violent or cruel to Dunbar just because he was white, but were cautious and fearful of him at first. Once they got to know him, they were more clear(p) to him willing to accept him as their friend. This movie seemed to change allegiance from the white European Americans to the Native Americans rather successfully and effectively changing the stereotypic view of Native Americans by showing which group was actually the cruelest. It exhibit it by showing which group was the invaders and which group was the invaded. It also demonstrated this by showing how each group lived and interacted with each other and those around them.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Essay

Health redress Portability and Accountability ActThe Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, most commonly known by its initials HIPAA, was en hazarded by intercourse then signed by President Bill Clinton on lofty 21, 1996. This act was put into place in order to regulate the covert of patient wellness information, and as an effort to lower the cost of health care, shape the many pieces of our complicated healthcare system. This act also protects individuals from losing their health insurance if they lose their employment or choose to switch employers. . in advance HIPAA there was no standard or consistency for the enforcement of the privacy for patients and the rules and regulations varied by state and organizations. HIPAA virtually affects everybody within the healthcare field including yet not limited to patients, providers, payers and intermediaries. Although there are many parts of the HIPAA act, for the purposes of this constitution we are going to f ocus on the two main sections and the 4 objectives of HIPAA, a which are to improve the portability (the capability of transferring from one employee to another) of health insurance, attack fraud, abuse, and waste in health insurance, to promote the expanded use of medical checkup savings accounts, and to simplify the administration of health insurance.Title I of the HIPAA act refers to mostly the group health envisions and the restrictions they can place upon the policy holder. In laymans terms, HIPAA makes sure through Title I, that a terce party cannot deny you coverage due to the loss or qualify in employment. On top of the basic clause, a group plan cannot deny coverage based on your health status, which includes medical history, transmitted information, or disabilities. Ti... ...proactive. With the way that HIPAA was drafted, then add the possible penalties for violators, lead physicians and medical facilities to withold information from individuals who have a righ t to it. After reviewing the rules of the HIPAA, the legislation effectuate health care providers were unsure of their legal privacy responsibilities and often responded with an likewise guarded approach to disclosing information. To date these rules are still confusing and claim to made clearer.ReferencesMedical Law and Ethics 4th edition, Bonnie F. Fremgen PhD, (2012, 2009, 2006, 2002)Mosbys Dictionary of Medicine 8th edition, (2009)Health Insurance Today A Practical Approach 3rd edition, Janet I. Beik (2011)www.health.howstuffworks.comwww.ehow.com/factswww.all-things-medical-billing.com/historywww.geomarcomputers.com/hipaawww.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hippa

Life at an All Boys School Essay -- Personal Narrative, essay about my

I hadnt planned on going to a hugger-mugger sh every(prenominal)ow in fact the idea disgusted me. My sister try it for an built-in four days, then she quit and went to a public shoal with entirely of her whizzs and never looked back. I guess that I thought the homogeneous thing would happen to me if I ever went to a private naturalize. In the spring of seventh grade, my p atomic number 18nts made me take the acceptance test for McCallie, the all boys private school full of rich snobs, nerds, and especially queers. I didnt live often about the school except that none of my friends went there and all of the gossip(which turned out to be false)from my friends about turnng gay from being some only boys and no girls. Nevertheless I took the test and was excepted much to my dismay. The offset printing question that came to mind was what it would be like to go through the entire school day without seeing a single member of the face-to-face sex. My entire career as a student involved girls, from when I was real little and hated being chased by them on the playground, until I was the one doing the chasing. Having a girlfriend meant seeing her all day, everyday. You could unfeignedly tell the boys who had girlfriends because they always came to school expression their best for their girl, the single boys came looking sloppy. Before school started, I went to a McCallie-GPS dance that an old friend invited me to. Here was my chance to meet the new set of girls that I would jack off to know for the rest of my high school life. What a disappointment. They were nothing in comparison to the pretty Signal Mountain girls that I had grown up with since I was three. Not that they were that much more unattractive, scarce that their personalities were so much dif... ... of gays at McCallie as there are at these other schools, but they keep it to themselves for their own good. I guess its more excepted when you go to a college girl school o f thousands. Its hard to imagine McCallie as a co-ed school. I would probably do more staring than studying. Boys would come to school actually caring about their appearance. Perhaps the worst that would happen would be that level of learning would go down. Life at an all boys school is a real learning experience. Classes without girls, boys who are different from the excepted norm are afraid to be themselves because people like me wouldnt want to be roughly them, and an easier and better way of learning is what a boy will respect at an all boys private school. So if your a boy who plans to come after an all boys private school, dont believe everything that people say.

President George W. Bushs Use of Pathos, Logos, and Ethos Essay

throughout George W. provides political career he has implored the determination of Aristotles tripod, which we like to call it. This tripod is a rhetoric which implies that persuasion relies on lead things, which are ethos, pathos, and logos. Logos is devoted solely to logic and reason. While on the early(a) hand, pathos deals with attitudes and beliefs. Perhaps the most important one which pertains to George W. Bush is something called ethos, that is to say the branch of the tripod which deals with the personal strengths of the speaker and most importantly his character. Throughout his political journey he has showed the use of pathos, logos, and ethos time and time again, save the one of which he is comm entirely known for is ethos. The examples in which he has demonstrate them are countless, but I will recall but trinity. The root event took place on the day of September 14, 2001 at Ground Zero, three days after the attack of the World Trade Centers. The third instance wa s on September 20, 2001 during his Address to a Joint posing of Congress. Lastly, was the take of the Union Address in Washington D.C. Which was held on January 29, 2002.At Ground Zero on September 14, 2001, professorship George W. Bush did many things to restore the confidence of the rattle and scared population. Unity was a key role in the mastery of this speech. The whole time that he made his speech his work up was engrossed around a firefighter at the scene which not only showed ethos, but also made them look like good friends and it showed a sense of stability and unity, Throughout most of his speech, he kept his arm wrapped around a lead firefighter working at the scene, (Docan.) In addition, he said how the local area was connected to other people who where hurt ar... ...n D.C. On January 29, 2002, at Ground Zero on September 14, 2001, or at his Address to a Joint Session of Congress he has used many of Aristotles ideas in order to instill trust and confidence back i nto his people.Works CitedBush, George W. George W. Bush State of the Union Address. 29 Jan. 2002. .Bush, George W. President Declares Freedom at War with Fear. Address to a Joint Session of Congress. 20 Sep. 2001. .Docan, Tony. Ethos, Pathos, and Logos Applied George W. Bush Speaking at Ground Zero. 22 Apr. 2002. .Orren, Gary. Gore vs. Bush Why Its All Greek to Me. 2000. .

Treatment for Tuberculosis :: Medical Biology Disease TB

intervention for tebibyte terabit has many counterfeits that stop invade the body. Many cures involve do dosess and multiple combinations of the drugs. Drugs are used in combinations because tuberculosis gutter travel to different parts of the body. One of the causes for the cattle farm of tuberculosis around the world is the emergence drug- resistance strain. tuberculosis can become resistant to most, if not all, of the drugs that are used to treat tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a bacteria infection that affects many people over the world. Treatment for the disease helps people but it is limited. Vaccination is sought but, like treatment, is limited. Because of these limitations Tuberculosis spreads and kills easily. Tuberculosis can be cured by constant drug therapy. One of the first steps to treating Tuberculosis is identifying which category has developed in the body. The two forms that could progress in the body are latent Tuberculosis infection and active T uberculosis infection (CDC, morbidness and mortality rate every week Reports). possible Tuberculosis is the dormant form of the bacteria, meaning that it is inactive and doesn?t cause an infectious reaction in the body. Even if the latent form enters the body, treatment should be sought (CDC, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports). Latent Tuberculosis can become active Tuberculosis easily though, specially if the immune system is compromised by another infection, like HIV (CDC, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports). Active Tuberculosis infects the body immediately. Symptoms show in the body meaning the bacteria is effecting the cells of the body. Identifying the form is important because treatment is open upon it. Testing for TB involves a skin test, usually within 7 work-days of contact with the bacteria. Without knowing what is in the body, the drugs won?t be as effective and might even cause drug-resistance. After diagnosing which form is in the body, treatmen t and therapy can begin. After the test, an infected person should communicate the health-care provider with information about other people that might be infected. This will help control the spread of Tuberculosis (CDC, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports). Treatment for the infected person means continual drug therapy. Treatment for active Tuberculosis and latent Tuberculosis is usually confusable because both forms of the bacteria invade multiple environments of the body. Tuberculosis originates in the lungs, because it enters by air, and sometimes spreads to other organs, called extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (World Health Organization19).

Dworkins Belief Of Preferential Treatment :: essays research papers

Dworkins Belief of invidious Treatment     For umteen years, discriminative interference has been used to try to make upfor past wrong-doings to minorities. thither have been many cases tried overracial discrimination, with verdicts of both clean-handed and guilty. RonaldDworkin attempts to argue that preferential treatment is socially useful and atthe like time does not violate peoples rights. This is wrong for many reasonshere I shall illustrate how preferential treatment hinders racial equality,violates peoples rights, and can lead to a lower opinion toward a particularrace.     Dworkin believes that continuing preferential treatment will decreaseracial thought and the importance of race. This is the total diametrical ofwhat truly happens. If a person were to consider Americas past, as an example,he would imbibe how racially diverse people were. Now look around. Just goacross any given ara, groups of people of the same race are s een walkingtogether. Most people do not notice this, exclusively very rarely are groups ofethnically diverse people seen. Although in that location are no longer any laws statingthat there must be a separation between different races, people til now designit unconsciously. Dworkin states that the long-term goal of preferentialtreatment "is to reduce the degree to which American society is overall aracially conscious society (294)." Preferential treatment does nothing of thesort. It was used widely in the past and still exists in some areas today. Ithas not reduced racial consciousness, but change magnitude it by making people thinkmore about how many spaces are reserved for their particular race. Instead,people should think of what their chances are of getting something on account oftheir personal knowledge over some adept elses, not even considering their race asa factor. This is evident in a blacks point of view of getting into the health check school of the Universi ty of California at Davis. Sixteen places are setaside just for blacks and other minorities, no matter how low their test scoresare. That way, minorities dont even have to apprehension about competing with whitesfor a position. This does not, in any way, reduce racial consciousness bysetting two tracks for admission to medical school, one for the minorities, andone for the majority.     Mr. Dworkin supports the idea that preferential treatment does notviolate peoples rights. His argument is clean here because he attempts to provethis by saying that if two things do not violate peoples rights, then neitherdoes a third. The two things that supposedly do not violate rights are thedenial of someone to medical school because of their age and because their test

Functionalism And Physicalism :: essays research papers

Functionalism and Physicalism     While acquiring knowledge on the topics of Functionalism andPhysicalism, I ran across many disagreement between the twain. Interestingly,those disagreements gave me an impression of different sides debate with theirown support from their own theories. As if an Arabian and a roman print were arguingabout whether the number eleven is an "Arabic" number or a "Roman" number.Though, as I read to a greater extent and more of the readings (especially Putnams), I sorbedto see a pattern that led me to think that perhaps Functionalism is compatiblewith Physicalism after all that these two theories can coexist.     The consume above is based on the information gathered in the two readingsassigned and therefore, I should go step by step in order to arrive at myconclusion that they can indeed coexist. First, I draw Ned Blocks elaborationon Meta physiologic Functionalism as a start of my argument. As Bl ock suggests,Metaphysical Functionalism is mainly botheration about what cordial put ups areinstead of a psychological explanation (Block, p. 172). Moreover, they concernthemselves with amiable state type not a specific token of the type. As in thecase of pain, they are concerned with a mental state called pain, and not of crabby pains (i.e. stomach-ache, pin-pricks, etc.). yet, according toPutnam, if the Physicalists does indeed attributes the name "physical states"to the enormous number of mental states we humans bring in, then, I think it wouldbe impossible for them to be concerned only with the type and not the tokens.But once they started to consider each specific pain (token), they will have toascribe a different physical-chemical state to each token-state. Ultimately,the common occasion "to all pains in justice of which they are pains (Block, p.172)" cannot be put in terms of a single physical state. believe that the sameproblem does not exist in the consideration of Functionalism becauseFunctionalism concern itself basically with the causal relations between thesetokens and not a particular one. Therefore, the common thing that exists inFunctionalism "to all pains in virtue of which they are pains" is actually the

Things Fall Apart Book Report- 11 Pages Long. I Got An A :: essays research papers

Things Fall Apart Book Report1. Title of execute Things Fall Apart2. Author and date written Chinua Achebe, 19593. Country of writer Nigeria4. Characters Unoka Okonkwos father, Unoka, was considered lazy and a failure. He never worked and always took from others. Okonkwo considered him a complete embarrassment and vowed never to be like his father. He had to abominate what Unoka once loved, and never borrow money or stop working.Okonkwo - Okonkwo is a clan leader in Umuofia. He has a large family, provided is precise stubborn and cognise for his violent personality. He became well known through all of the seven villages by throwing The Cat during a battle tournament.Ekwefi - Ekwefi is Okonkwos second wife. She had nine children, but each of which died at a rattling young age. Enzinma is her only surviving child. She is a dedicated mother and a proper wife.Ezinma Ezinma is open-minded and understanding. She is her fathers favorite child because of those reasons. He wishes t hat she would have been a boy, and keeps referring to that wish throughout the course of the novel.Ikemefuna Even though Ikemefuna is seen as the perfect son and clansman, he is palliate sentenced to death by the Oracle. He is a hard-working, caring character.Nwoye In the eyes of Okonkwo, his oldest son, Nwoye, is weak and lazy from an early age. He dislikes his father because he beats him so ofttimes to make him more masculine. After the death of Ikemefuna, Nwoye becomes very depressed and later converts to the Christian faith, which makes Okonkwo disown him.Obierika He is a close and loyal adorer to Okonkwo. He is always there for him, even when he is banished for seven old age, Obierika still comes to visit Okonkwo and his family in the motherland. He also topics care of the yam dissemination and its payment because Okonkwo is unable to do so.Chielo - Chielo is the oracle who speaks to the villages as the goddess Agbala. She is very fond of Ekwefi and Enzinma.Ogbuefi Ezeu du He is the oldest man in the tribe. He was very roaring and he had won three out of the four titles that you can take in the tribe. When his funeral came, they had a great warrior celebration in remembrance of him.Uchendu Uchendu is Okonkwos uncle. He welcomes Okonkwo and his family with open arms when he goes to the motherland for his seven years of punishment.

Essay --

The future of applied science takes us further into tv set poles. Does it cause violence and social bearing in kids. Many people believe that violent icon game lead to violence outbreaks and bad behavior. Can all this be veritable? Can it possible that video games are making the upcoming coevals having a violent side and not being able to socially interact with others. There carry been studies that give valid points on these topics. depiction games are enhancing every year as technology gets better besides do the games. Does this mean that videos games are also becoming more realistic, violent, and aggressive. Is expense all these hours making a kid more likely to have anti-social behaviors and damaging these kids brain? Have people wondering how are video games really affecting our kids in this generation? Violent games being released forthwith have age restrictions on them but this does not stop minor kids from getting these games in their hands. Theres controversies a bout how kids should know the difference between video game violence and real violence and also if it causes social problems. T...

Causes of The Great Depression Essay -- essays research papers

The grand Depression It is said that the bump off water of the catastrophic stock commercialize crash known as the coarse depression was due mostly to uncontrolled political and industrial systems differently known as capitalism. However, the timeline leading up to the Great Depression proves that many a(prenominal) other factors played a role in the stock food market crash that occurred in the decade of the 1930s. So lets take a visualize at rather four, factors contributing to the great depression that we will get along discuss in the following paragraphs. Four of the main causes that led up to the great depression were unequal distribution of wealth, uncontrolled political and industrial systems, gritty tariffs and war debts. Money was distributed mostly between the rich and the middle-class, in the United States, and between the U.S. and Europe. This imbalance of wealth created an unstable economy this lawsuit of the economy eventually lead up to large market crashes. These market crashes, caused the American economy to be overturned. The total income in the United States blush wine from $74.3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929 this rise in the economy was due to the Coolidge Prosperity(Business and Industry was flourishing and big business became big so the stock market went up greatly) even after this come along in the stock market the money wasnt make its appearance around equally because most farmers were still poor. United States maintained high 1.tariffs on goods imported from other countries, at the same time that it was making foreign loans and trying to export products. This combination could not be prolong If other nations could not sell their goods in the United States, they could not make enough money to buy American products or repay American loan... ... June1939 7.2 10.4 + 7.9 17.21940 6.9 9.9 1941 7.7 12.1 1942 10.3 24.8 1943 13.7 44.8 1944 21.7 45. 3 1945 21.3 43.7As you can see, Roosevelt began to bring the people out of the depression and that resulted in some astonishing growth numbers. (Roosevelts average growth of 5.2 portion during the Great Depression is even higher than Reagans 3.7 percent growth during his Seven flesh out Years ) When 1936 saw a phenomenal record of 14 percent growth, Roosevelt eased back on the deficit spending, overly worried approximately balancing the budget. Between 1940 and 1945, the Growth Deficit Product nearly treble in size, from $832 billion to $1,559 billion in constant 87 dollars. And this occurred as deficit spending soared, to levels Keynes had earlier and unsuccessfully recommended to Roosevelt

Personal Narrative- Faith Through Grandfathers Surgery :: Personal Narrative

individualised Narrative- Faith Through Grandfathers SurgeryAt a time when I thought things could not get any worse, I found bulge out that my grandfather would pitch to go through a triple swing core group surgery. This countersign devastated me. My grandfather- Ampaw is what we call him, is not only my grandfather- but excessively my best friend. He is my role model, and I have an immeasurable extol for him. I had just disoriented my great naan, and now my grandfather was handout to have to go through a life threatening surgery. The news not only devastated me, but also made me ask wherefore him? I was reverenceful of the whole situation, and I wondered why he would have to go through this after just losing his own mother.My grandfather went to a hospital in Houston to have his surgery conducted by a specialist. My grandmother spent day and night in the hospital, never leaving his side. Their tail fin children all took turns staying in the hospital with my gran dparents. Most of the time, my mother stayed in Houston, and I stayed with her. To see my grandfather go through that amount of pain was horrible. My heart ached as I prayed for god to heal him and help him though the surgeries. My fear continued to grow at this point, but my grandparents opinion remained strong. umpteen obstacles were faced as my grandfather went through the different surgeries. The most frightening thing that I saw while staying in the hospital with my grandparents was how some(prenominal) their faith was involved in every aspect of their lives. My grandparents never lost their faith in God through every obstacle they faced. Their faith in no way was selfish. No matter how bad things seemed to be for themselves, they always took time to pray for the doctors and nurses needs. Seeing their love for God inspired me. I could see the lessons God was trying to teach me through the whole situation.Although my grandfathers retrieval still caused him some phy sical struggles, God brought him through and built him up spiritually. His joy for life was overflowing, and his faith was stronger than ever. He knew firsthand, the power of God.

Who was Napoleon Essay -- essays research papers

short sleep was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on 15 dire 1769, the second of Carlo and Letizia Bona breakes eight children. In 1778, sleep began his education at Autun and subsequent attended school in Brienne, excelling in mathematics and science. following a years study at the Ecole Militaire in Paris, he was commissioned in the artillery in 1785. The year 1789 saw the outbreak of the French revolution, which created an glory of fortune that would not have existed under the Bourbons, and Napoleon was to make the near of it.The prototypic opportunity came in 1793, when Bonaparte was promoted to brigadier general for the conclusive part he played in the siege of Toulon, which ousted the British from mainland France. by and by the coup detat de Thermidor in 1794, Napoleon fell out of favor and was imprisoned. after(prenominal) his vent-hole he ended up preserving the new government from the Parisian consortium with artillery fire, an event that has become known as the Whif f of Grapeshot. A gratifying government later appointed Napoleon to command of the the States of Italy. for ward his departure, Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais on 9 March 1796. race in Italy in 1796 and 1797, he inspired the impoverished army with the omen of "honor, glory, and riches," and enjoyed a succession of victories, which resulted in Austria signing the Peace of Campo Formio. His display of bravery, intelligence, and leader enthrall proved an inspiration to the common soldier and formed an enduring bond. reverting to France, he was given charge of an expedition to Egypt, control of which would threaten position possessions in India. The victory at the battle of the Pyramids gave French control of Cairo, that the maritime charge at Aboukir Bay isolated the expedition from France. subsequently round unsuccessful campaigning in Syria, he departed by ship with a small group of friends and sailed to France, abandoning his Army.In 1799, public fanta sy had swung against the government, and hobby the coup detat de Brumaire, Napoleon became the defacto ruler of France. The country was still at war however, and after a dramatic crossing of the Alps, Napoleon defeat the Austrians at the battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800. This victory solidified his paper of invincibility, and feature with other successes, led to a general peace.After a decennary of war, a grateful France made Napoleon Consul for Life and ... ...as currently obligate to retreat. The scorched earth policy employed by the Russians combined with extreme brave out caused the portentous Arme to disintegrate and the campaign ended in disaster. The defeat in Russia prompted Prussia, Sweden, and Austria to declare war on France. Napoleon increase another(prenominal) army but was decisively defeated at the majuscule Battle of Nations. Napoleon fought a last brilliant campaign in France to play Paris, but in April 1814 abdicated and went into exile on the island of Elba. The Bourbon king was restored to the French rump. man the Allies debated a realignment of the map of Europe in Vienna, Napoleon intend his return, and in March 1815, he landed in France and regained his throne in a bloodless coup. Rather than await another invasion, Napoleon affect Allied forces in Belgium. After initial success, Napoleon fought the Duke of capital of New Zealand in the lead an Anglo/Allied army at Waterloo, and was decisively defeated on 18 June 1815. Napoleon was exiled to the island of St. capital of Montana situated in the South Atlantic Ocean, where he resided until his death on 5 May 1821. His remains were take away from St. Helena in 1840 and his body now rests at les Invalides in Paris. Who was Napoleon essay -- essays research papers Napoleon was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on 15 August 1769, the second of Carlo and Letizia Bonapartes eight children. In 1778, Napoleon began his education at Autun and later attended school in Br ienne, excelling in mathematics and science. Following a years study at the Ecole Militaire in Paris, he was commissioned in the artillery in 1785. The year 1789 saw the outbreak of the French revolution, which created an atmosphere of opportunity that would not have existed under the Bourbons, and Napoleon was to make the most of it.The first opportunity came in 1793, when Bonaparte was promoted to brigadier general for the decisive part he played in the siege of Toulon, which ousted the British from mainland France. After the coup de Thermidor in 1794, Napoleon fell out of favor and was imprisoned. After his release he ended up preserving the new government from the Parisian Mob with artillery fire, an event that has become known as the Whiff of Grapeshot. A grateful government later appointed Napoleon to command of the Army of Italy. Before his departure, Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais on 9 March 1796.Campaigning in Italy in 1796 and 1797, he inspired the impoverished army with the promise of "honor, glory, and riches," and enjoyed a succession of victories, which resulted in Austria signing the Peace of Campo Formio. His display of bravery, intelligence, and lead proved an inspiration to the common soldier and formed an enduring bond. Returning to France, he was given charge of an expedition to Egypt, control of which would threaten English possessions in India. The victory at the Battle of the Pyramids gave French control of Cairo, but the naval defeat at Aboukir Bay isolated the expedition from France. After some unsuccessful campaigning in Syria, he departed by ship with a small group of friends and sailed to France, abandoning his Army.In 1799, public sentiment had swung against the government, and following the coup detat de Brumaire, Napoleon became the defacto ruler of France. The country was still at war however, and after a dramatic crossing of the Alps, Napoleon defeated the Austrians at the battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800. This victory solidified his reputation of invincibility, and combined with other successes, led to a general peace.After a decade of war, a grateful France made Napoleon Consul for Life and ... ...as soon forced to retreat. The scorched earth policy employed by the Russians combined with extreme weather caused the Grand Arme to disintegrate and the campaign ended in disaster. The defeat in Russia prompted Prussia, Sweden, and Austria to declare war on France. Napoleon raised another army but was decisively defeated at the great Battle of Nations. Napoleon fought a last brilliant campaign in France to defend Paris, but in April 1814 abdicated and went into exile on the island of Elba. The Bourbon king was restored to the French throne.While the Allies debated a realignment of the map of Europe in Vienna, Napoleon planned his return, and in March 1815, he landed in France and regained his throne in a bloodless coup. Rather than await another invasion, Napoleon surprised Allied forces in Belgium. After initial success, Napoleon fought the Duke of Wellington leading an Anglo/Allied army at Waterloo, and was decisively defeated on 18 June 1815. Napoleon was exiled to the island of St. Helena situated in the South Atlantic Ocean, where he resided until his death on 5 May 1821. His remains were removed from St. Helena in 1840 and his body now rests at les Invalides in Paris.

A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s. :: English Literature

A mint from the bridge is set in New York urban center in the 1950s. Arthur Miller was born October 17th 1915 in New York City. His parentswere twain immigrants in the United States and were origin totallyy fromSicily. Arthurs father had a self-made business but it collapsed,along with the Ameri squeeze out economy as a whole,Following the Wall Street crash, as a result, Arthur had to work as awarehouseman in order to save his fees before he was able to go toMichigan University in 1934 to study Economics and History. I think hehas the same background The view from the bridge.A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s, with aSicilian background. Sicily is the home of all the characters which isan island in Italy. The characters change from experient military man Sicily to newworld America in the word of honor. Sicily had been invaded a covey of times bydifferent countries, so this made the Sicilian good deal develop aculture of not talking or coverage to the authority, so the people ofSicily dealt with their own problems amid their communities. Sicilywas a very low country after ww2 because Italy lost the war in 1948.A view from the bridge has a theme of old world Sicily and new worldAmerica, there is a lot of manlike and famine emotion between thecharacters. The characters brought their culture with them from Sicilyto America and one of their main rules never to broken is get int snitchto authority, the worst crime a Sicilian can do is snitch to theauthority and Sicilians either kill the person for snitching orreject the person from the Sicilian community. I think the bookevolved approximately the Sicilian culture. Incest is another theme of thebook because Rodolfo and Catherine are in warmth even do there cousins ,Eddie began to get attracted to Catherine who was his niece andother themes in this book is obsession, desire and control.Beatrice meant a lot at first to Eddie but when he was starting toloose Catherine, Beatrice kne w that Eddie is attracted to Catherine ina different musical mode from nevertheless family love but loved her in a sexual way Ithink Beatrice became jealous of Catherine because Eddie was renovateingmore attention to Catherine and forgot all about her, I think this challenged Eddies masculinity because he wasnt execute in bed and controlling his marriage like a masculine manshould do.I think the most dramatic scenes in the play is when Eddiesmasculinity is challenged and the Sicilian way of life is being

e e cummings :: Biographies Poet Poetry Biography Essays

e e e. e. e. e. cummingse e cummings (no, this is not a typographical error, take tint to the way he writes his name) was an unusual, yet highly acclaimed writer of the 20th century. His mood of writing was much different than that of any other contemporary or even 18th and 19th century writers. Although difficult to understand at sequences, e e cummings is a very profound and inventive writer. e e cummings was born Edward Estlin e. e. cummings on October 14, 1894 in Cambridge Massachusetts. His parents were Edward and Rebecca Haswell Clarke Cummings. In 1911, at the age of 17, cummings entered Harvard University. It was there at Harvard where he first published his poetry in 1912 in Harvard Monthly. Then, in 1915, cummings graduated Harvard as Magna cum Laude with a B.A. It was at his graduation where he gave his commencement speech, The New Art. In 1916, cummings received an M.A. for English and classic Studies at Harvard. After completing his college education, he voluntee red to be an ambulance driver with Norton Harjes Ambulance corps (The American Red Cross) in France in 1917, during World War I. It was maculation he was overseas when he was imprisoned falsely for three months in a camp on suspicion of French disloyalty. Although this was an unpleasant time in his life, it was there in the camp that changed his life. He was already an nice writer, but this experience added fuel to his ability. He was released from prison on January 1, 1918. Cummings then returned to New York City, but was drafted by the linked States Army in 1918 until Armistice. On December 20, 1919, e e cummings and his girlfriend, Elaine Orr Thayer, welcomed their daughter, Nancy, into the world. Later, on border district 19, 1924 cummings married long-time girlfriend Elaine Orr, but they are divorce scarce a short while later on December 4, 1924. In 1920, after his time in the war and the birth of his daughter, cummings firm to move to Paris, France to study art, but he f requently returned home for visits to the United States. He remained living there only until 1923, when he returned to the US and had his said(prenominal) wedding and divorce later the next year. While in the US, cummings resided at 4 Patchin Place, Greenwich Village in New York City. In 1925, calamity struck cummings life when his father died.

Homer :: essays research papers

In Homers epic, The Odyssey, women play an integral role in the life of Odysseus, the storys protagonist. Odysseus is forced to leave the comforts of Ithaca because of a woman, Helen, and he longs to takings to his kinsperson largely for a woman, his married woman Penelope. Throughout his journey, however, it is Circe who has a heavy captivate on Odysseus because she is a major distraction and thus an obstacle for the famed hero. Indeed, Circes comeliness coupled with her sorcery, and her kindness along with lavish cordial reception all distract Odysseus and impede him from swiftly returning home. With her otherworldly debaucher and enchantments, Circe is a distraction for Odysseus and therefore an obstacle on his road to Ithaca. With her sensuality and witching(prenominal) potions, Circe is able to get that which she desires from men. later on Odysseus, guided and forewarned by Hermes, drinks Circes potion and is not bewitched, Circe is amazed for no other man has ever res isted her magic (X, 348-350). Although Circe is probably used to fulfilling her sexual desires with men she has enchanted, she nevertheless tries to go to tush with Odysseus. She tells him, Climb into my bed and tangle in love there, so we may come to trust each other (X, 356-357). Odysseus tries to resist the charming goddess and tells her that she essential promise no more trouble for him, but as concisely as she does that which he asks he climbs into Circes beautiful bed (X, 366-369). After ten years of fighting, Odyssey has grown quite lonely. He has been away from Penelope, his wife and the only other woman who most likely fulfilled his need and desires, and Circe is putting forth very tempting offers. Although her potion did not wee an consummation on him, Circes physical beauty definitely appealed to Odysseus otherwise, he would have cunningly found something to do other than engaging in an refer act with Circe. The goddess-nymph has many a trick up her sleeve, and sh e could have excessively found another way to get Odysseus to go to bed with her. She had no need to do such a thing because Odysseus was in a vulnerable state. Months at sea and at war can be quite trying on anyone, so Odysseus was susceptible to falling for soulfulness--especially someone as seductive as Circe. With physical beauty and magical powers, Circe distracts Odysseus and hampers his return to Ithaca.